Active Ageing Policy Enhance the Quality of life Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Active Ageing Policy Framework. Answer: Aging Health Policies In its Active Ageing policy framework, the World Health Organization defines active aging as the optimization process of participation, security, and health in an attempt to enhance the quality of life as individuals grows old. Healthy aging is essential in that it enables the elderly to play an active role in society and enjoy independence and the high quality of life. The essay will critique the active aging model of the World Health Organization and the application of social capital in various social policies and programs. According to the WHO, Active Ageing Policy Framework, involvement in moderate and frequent physical activity helps in delaying functional deterioration at old age. For instance, it reduces the onset of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The policy suggests that regular activity could also greatly reduce the extent of the severity of disabilities among the aged which are associated with heart and chronic illnesses. The active aging policy reveals how living an active early life promotes independence at old age and the reduction of the risk of frequent falls among the elderly. Consequently, economic benefits will be realized because the medical costs for the active older people will be significantly lower (World Health Organization, 2002). However, this policy framework only makes the considerable suggestions and does not provide the opportunities that could possibly encourage inactive people to become more active. The benefits of these physical activities heavily rely on affordability and accessibility. Funding systems that promote physical activities in a community can bring about several benefits such as improved health, cost saving and heightened social connection all which contributes to active aging (Abdullah, Wolbring, 2013). In addition, the active aging model established the major determinants of active aging as health and social services, personal factors, behavioral factors, social factors, economic factors and the physical environment of an individual. The framework suggests that all these principal determinants and the interaction of the factors reflect upon the aging process of individuals and communities. The framework fails to attribute a cause of active aging to each of the determinants. The proposal brings out the need to evaluate how each of the active aging determinants influences old age in a multidimensional investigation. Therefore, in order to help the aging population, adequate funding on programs that benefit the aging population should be established (Farrell et al. 2015). The World Health Organization has explored policies and factors that make the urban physical environment age-friendly. In its worldwide age-friendly cities project, the organization came up with strategies to make urban communities more age-friendly via community development, policy reforms, and through advocacy. Consequently, these strategies have improved the quality of life among the aging population living in urban centers (Bauman, Merom, Bull, Buchner, Singh, 2016). Representation of the aged in policy, laws, legislations, health, and social service delivery has been guided by international policy and legal frameworks particularly the WHOs Active Ageing policy framework and the Political Declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. Each of the documents highlights the significance of health in old age and emphasizes on the potential for the contribution of the aged in society using their skills, wisdom, and experience. They outline a wide range of areas where maximization on active aging policies can enhance the contribution, autonomy, prolonged life expectancy, and independence of the aged. Therefore, adequate presentation of the old in health, legislation, and healthcare delivery is beneficial as it will enable the aging population receive the attention and care they deserve (World Health Organization, 2002). In the last two decades, major attempts have been made in advancing the human rights of the old people in the International Human Rights Law. A couple of international treaties and instruments have been implemented referring to aging and the older people, preserving non-discrimination of older immigrants, older disabled persons, and older women. The human rights advocates for freedom from discrimination of the aged in matters pertaining to social security, health, sufficient living standards and their right to be free from abuse, violence or exploitation (Renteln, 2013). The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing put forward some priorities for action, which were development of older individuals, advancing wellness and health into old age and making sure that the old benefit from a supportive and enabling environment. The plan emphasized on some key issues, which included availing universal and non-discriminatory access to health-care services for the old. This ensured appropriate services for seniors with HIV/AIDS, effective training of caregivers and health practitioners, provision of proper health services to the elderly with disabilities. In addition, it protected this group of people from abuse, neglect, and violence against the aged and providing moral support and care to the care providers (Sidorenko Mikhailova, 2014). Several benefits have been realized as a result of this representation of old people in the health policies and models of care. For instance, advocating for active aging and healthier life choices in early stages of life has severely reduced the incidences of disability among the elderly thus, alleviating the health and economic burden of long-term care and boosts the quality of life for the seniors. In addition, there has been a continuous decline in the mortality rates among the older people and the population of those aged 80 and above is on the rise. The life expectancy and lifespan has been expanded due to these programs and policies that have proved that people can be healthy and independent in old age and can contribute to their families and communities (Day, 2014).However, the longer life-expectancies are kicking in with negative consequences in that the prevalence of dementia among the old is on the rise, especially the Alzheimers disease. The dementia patients need constant help and care in basic daily activities and this creates a health and economic burden. Hence, the government should come up with programs that benefit the welfare of the aging population Waverijn, Heijmans Groenewegen, 2016. Social capital refers to the social connections or networks that promote coordination and cooperation, an important aspect in the achievement of positive social and economic outcomes. It is a collective resource and a feature of social groupings instead of individuals and it is as a result of shared experiences which cultivate trust and reciprocity. It has been linked and applied to the healthcare domain, social policy, and programs of the older people. Therefore, in order to improve the welfare of the aged population, proper programs should be formulated that favor the well-being of this population (Kawachi Berkman, 2014). For instance, in Minnesota, Vital Aging Network (VAN) is assisting the seniors in becoming agents of social change in their societies. The organization trains them in community organization and instills in them skills to evaluate what their communities require, gather resources and develop new programs. Some of the projects that have been initiated as a result of VAN include construction of walking paths for the aged, a moderate physical activity program to decrease the risk of falls among the older population and a program to befriend the isolated seniors in the neighborhoods. Such an initiative reduces the need for a nursing home for the seniors in such a community because physical activity together with high social capital and the commitment to caring for each other keeps the aged population healthier (Swift, Abrams, Lamont Drury, 2017). However, there are limitations to such a neighborhood design of social connections whereby not all communities have a cohesive neighborhood that can allow for such an initiative. Many societies lack a public platform for meetings or opportunities for engagement in meaningful activities. High rates of crime are the other obstacle whereby social networking cannot prosper in an environment that does not have a welcoming place for such an initiative (Gilbert, Quinn, Goodman, Butler Wallace, 2013). Gated communities being privately managed residential organizations hold a wide appeal on social capital among older people when it comes to their health and social life. They are marked as centers of security, social connection, neighborliness, group participation, common values and a sense of belonging that aim at recreating social capital and cohesion. They offer health enhancement opportunities due to the common gathering spaces, sports such as clubhouses, golf courses and swimming pools, the low-traffic streets and opportunities for participating in community programs. Despite these advantages, gated communities draw away the younger and wealthier retirees, leaving behind the seniors and the poorer elderly population. The residents left behind are less likely to have resources to organize for basic amenities and services such as transportation, police or emergency responses, street lighting and cleaning of public parks(Portes, 2014). In conclusion, aging should neither be considered a burden nor be seen as a factor that reduces the seniors ability to contribute to their communities. Appropriate policies and programs should not only create awareness of the requirements and determinants of active, successful and healthy aging but also implement their recommendations by providing the key resources and showcasing practical initiatives of health promotion of the aged. References Abdullah, B., Wolbring, G. (2013). Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of active aging through the lens of the 2002 World Health Organization active ageing report: a policy framework and the 2010 Toronto charter for physical activity: a global call for action.International journal of environmental research and public health,10(12), 6799-6819. Bauman, A., Merom, D., Bull, F. C., Buchner, D. M., Singh, M. A. F. (2016). Updating the evidence for physical activity: summative reviews of the epidemiological evidence, prevalence and interventions to promote Active Aging.The Gerontologist,56(Supplementary 2), S268-S280. Bousquet, J., Kuh, D., Bewick, M., Standberg, T., Farrell, J., Pengelly, R.,Camuzat, T. (2015). Operational definition of Active and Healthy Ageing (AHA): A conceptual framework.The journal of nutrition, health aging,19(9), 955. Day, C. L. (2014).What older Americans think: Interest groups and aging policy? Princeton University Press. Gilbert, K. L., Quinn, S. C., Goodman, R. M., Butler, J., Wallace, J. (2013). A meta-analysis of social capital and health: A case for needed research.Journal of health psychology,18(11), 1385-1399. Kawachi, I., Berkman, L. F. (2014). Social capital, social cohesion, and health.Social epidemiology,2, 290-319. Renteln, A. D. (2013).International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Quid Pro Books. Portes, A. (2014). Downsides of social capital.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(52), 18407-18408. Renteln, A. D. (2013).International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Quid Pro Books. Sidorenko, A. V., Mikhailova, O. N. (2014). Implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on ageing in the CIS countries: The first 10 years.Advances in Gerontology,4(3), 155-162. Swift, H. J., Abrams, D., Lamont, R. A., Drury, L. (2017). The Risks of Ageism Model: How Ageism and Negative Attitudes toward Age Can Be a Barrier to Active Aging.Social Issues and Policy Review,11(1), 195-231. Waverijn, G., Heijmans, M., Groenewegen, P. P. (2016). Chronic illness self-management: a mechanism behind the relationship between neighborhood social capital and health?The European Journal of Public Health, ckw185. World Health Organization. (2002). Active Ageing-A Policy Framework. A contribution of the World Health Organization to the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing.Madrid (ES): WHO.

Romeo And Juliet (1105 words) Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet (1105 words) Essay Romeo And JulietThis assignment is on a scene of Romeo and Juliet I have split the scene into thirteen different sections. These sections include what the music and sound affects will be and what the lighting will be and even what sought of characters I am going to have to play the part. In section one I am having a medium shot that is at eye level to show Benvolio and Mercutios conversation and to also see the expressions on their faces. The only music or sound affects I am having are the background sounds of a market and people muttering. The only symbols that are present are the clothes Mercutio are wearing which are red to symbolize he is loyal to Romeo and his family. For Benvolio I have picked an actor that is short, has brown hair, skinny, is caring and is always trying to have fun. Mercutios actor has to be strong, tall has to strong, fit, tall, has black hair, is outgoing, loud, rough and has a good sense of humor. In this section lighting is used to show that it is the middle of the day and is also very hot. In section two I am having an extreme long shot and a dutch angle to show where everyone is situated and also to show the shock showed by Mercutio and Benvolio. There is also dramatic sinister music showing that he is the bad guy and is not liked by Mercutio and Benvolio. There are also footstep sound affects while Tybalt is walking over to Mercutio and Benvolio. The only props that are of any real significance would be the swords showing that they are prepared to fight. The main symbols are the red clothing worn by Mercutio and the Blue worn by Tybalt to show that he is loyal to Juliet and her family. Like that last scene the lighting shows that is around noon and is very hot. In the third section I am going to have a long shot at an eye level to see everyone talking and to also see some of the market in the background. Sinister music is still playing to show trouble is lurking just around the corner. Again the lighting is to show it is around noon and is hot. A tall skinny strong man that is fit and looks very sinister plays Tybalts character. He also has a devilish attitude and not much of a conscious. In the fourth section of this scene I am having a close up on Romeo to show his surprising looks as he sees Tybalt. Innocent music is playing saying that Romeo has never done anything wrong in his life. There are still the background sound affects of the market. Again the lighting shows that it is the middle of a hot day, the lighting also shows all of Romeos features. There is one symbol that is present and that is Romeo wearing the red showing he is a MontagueFor Romeo the actor has to be tall, have fair skin, strong, out going, skinny, innocent looking, have fine features and attractive. The fifth section has dramatic scary music playing to symbolize trouble is lurking just around the corner. The camera angle is a high angle to show everyone in the scene it is also a medium shot. Again the lighting is showing the heat and that it is in the middle of the day. In the sixth section I am having a long shot with a high angle again to show all that is going on and to show the crowd of p eople watching the fight. There is sinister dramatic music playing because of the fight. There are background sounds of people talking about the fight. The lighting is showing that it is in the middle of the day and is really hot, the lighting is also showing that Tybalt and Mercutio are sweating by the light gleaming off their sweaty heads. .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .postImageUrl , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:hover , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:visited , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:active { border:0!important; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:active , .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596 .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u96045da73c37bbe35e08753720d1e596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social Issues EssayThe seventh section has an extreme close up of Mercutios face showing the pain and the expression on his face. Then there is another extreme close up of Romeos face showing his shock and despair. There is then a medium shot at eye level showing the crowd, Tybalt and Benvolios reaction. Dramatic sad music is playing and there are sound affects of the crowd muttering in despair. The lighting once again shows it is around noon and is hot. In the eighth section of this scene there is a long shot at a high angle of the market and there is still sad music playing. The sound affects of the crowd are still heard but are not as loud. The light shows that it is in the middle of a hot day. In the ninth section I am having a close up of Tybalt, showing that he is scared and also showing any other reactions. Sinister music is playing to highlight the fact that he killed Mercutio. The light is gleaming off his forehead showing that it is very hot. The light is also showing that it is midday. The tenth section has dramatic music and a medium shot at a high angle to show the fight and the crowd. The background affects of the crowd are still present. The light is pretty much the same as section six showing it is in the middle of the day and showing it is hot by light reflecting off their foreheads because of the sweat. The eleventh section is much the same as the seventh section. There is a close up of Tybalts face showing his pain and despair. There is sad but sinister music playing. The only other sound is the sound of the crowd talking amongst each other. The light is showing the heat of the day and that it is also in the middle of the day. The twelfth section has fast and hectic music showing that Romeo has to get out of there quick smart. I am having a medium shot at a high angle to show Romeos getaway and to also show Tybalt. The only sound affects are the affects of the crowd talking. The light once again shows the heat of the day by gleaming of Romeos face especially because he is running, and that it is midday. The last section of this scene has a long shot all the way through it showing the despair and the sorrow in everyones faces. The whole time there is silence except for people sobbing and people talking. The lighting is very dull to show sadness and that everyone is in morning.

Sample Workshop Essay Tips - Tips For Writing Your Own Workshop Essay

Sample Workshop Essay Tips - Tips For Writing Your Own Workshop EssayMany of the students who apply for a particular college or university are required to write a sample workshop essay. This is essentially the essay that the student will be required to write on a particular topic in the online world. However, this isn't as easy as it sounds. A workshop essay is almost like writing a topic guide or a good overview of the job in the online business industry.While studying for your post-college job, you might want to prepare yourself a sample essay or a sample workshop essay. You may want to familiarize yourself with some of the most popular sample workshops. You will learn in this article the different things that you need to look for when looking for these samples and how you can utilize them to your advantage.If you read the details of the seminar carefully, you will learn that you need to ensure that you are able to give you feedback in your work. You will also need to make sure tha t you are able to offer effective reading and writing skills. The workshop is a great way to learn new skills, expand your knowledge, and practice them. As mentioned before, this is a unique opportunity to show the college your background, strengths, and weaknesses.Some writers get intimidated by the prospect of writing their own workshop essays, and they put off this task to try to look for their very own sample essay. This is what I call wasting your time.As you continue with your studies, you will realize that writing your own workshop will allow you to write your own research paper, which will make your overall learning a lot more complete. In addition, if you really want to do it right, you need to familiarize yourself with the various venues in which to find sample writing workshops. So, if you know where to look, you will not have to spend your time and money looking for a free workshop.If you are good at essay writing, you will most likely love working with your own template s and your own research. The more comfortable you are with the process, the more you will be able to achieve success. Remember, you only need to do the work, so be sure to take action and get things done.Remember, it is not always easy to write a workshop essay, but you will definitely be much better off doing it. Make the most of this opportunity to get your work read by the professors of your future post college course.

Leadership Skills in an Inpatient Ward free essay sample

Completing the Balance Sheet Student Handout Contents: 1. Learning Objectives 2. Tutorial Questions 3. Lecture Materials Lecturer: Dry Victoria Clout Website: http://tell. Nuns. Du. AU Introduction and Learning Objectives In this week we are turning our attention towards the remaining major component of the balance sheet owners equity. Like liabilities, owners equity represents another form of financing for a business. At first glance, liabilities (capital provided by redirectors) and owners equity (capital provided by owners or shareholders) may look very different. As we delve deeper into the topic, however, you will appreciate that debt and equity are at either end of a continuum of financial instruments and that sometimes, financial instruments exhibit both debt- and equity-like qualities. Further, you will note that some financing arrangements do not appraisers assignment is about a reflective account of my role as a team leader in the management of a difficult staff that resulted in a permanent change on the ward. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Skills in an Inpatient Ward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide a critical discussion, analysis and balanced account of my leadership role in managing difficult staff and planning a change in team. I work as a team leader in a 16 bed unit, a very busy inpatient setting with dementia and end of life care, majority of our staff are nurses and care support worker.. Am saddled with the responsibility of assessing middle age and elderly patients with dementia presenting with challenging behaviors that can not be managed else here, following referrals from continue care team and other agencies. We manage patient on short and long term bases, We provide end of life care for the dying patients.. The unit function under a shift pattern system and uncompleted Job is to be handed over to the relieving staff.. Handover is given by the coordinator of each shift to the relieving staff. The clinical problems with our clients is advanced dementia of various types, insidious anxiety, refractive depression and chronic psychosis The type of care the unit provide is based on person centered care planning. Patients care plans and individual need provisions is centered around identified risks, previous history from career and next of kin. What has worked well in the past, patient hobby and profession. As the team leader I conduct pre-admission assessment, The purpose of this assessment is to determine patient suitability for the type of care we provide. For each patient a mental capacity assessment is done to determine the level of involvement and what multidisciplinary team to contact for holistic care delivery. Patient needs/care plans are based on information on hygiene deeds, washing and dressing, individual nutritional needs and mobility assessment as all our patient have cognitive impairment and will depend on staff for all activities of daily living, such as washing, bathing, choice of dress to wear, eating and drinking, sleep and their physical well being, thereby promoting their safety, privacy, maintaining their dignity, all in the best interest of individual patient. Mental capacity act 2005 1 have chosen to write and highlight poor decision making, refusal to work as part of a team on the part of one of my staff and how I displayed my managerial skills. I happened to be on a late shift one day and one of my patient suddenly became unconscious, not talking and not responding to stimuli hence I made a decision to send him to A on the general side in accordance with the trust policy and best practice. When the relieving staff on night duty resumed I intimated her about this development and the need to send one of the night staff to monitor this patient until he his admitted to a ward. Deny et al (2001) States that leadership task may be distributed between leaders at different times or when there is an immediate need to manage identified risk. The staff nurse in charge of night shift bluntly refused to send a nurse to A, she was killing time as she refused to make concrete decision. As a team leader I have the mandate to make sure all the patients are safe hence I took it upon myself to allocate a Junior member of staff on night duty to go and relief the attorney stats wit n the patient in A as the consequences to leaving this particular patient unmonitored could be grievous for the staff and the trust as an organization. Leaders with good initiative skills we always recognize issues, problems, and find avenue to amend it by taking spontaneous and appropriate actions (Babel 2002). Unfortunately the night shift coordinator did not see anything wrong with her decision, she appears to lack self awareness as she was very unrepentant in her attitude. I acted in line with. NASH 2006 Leadership Qualities Framework, LLC. LLC (2006) describes the qualities expected of existing and aspiring leaders, both now and in the near future. It comprises leadership qualities arranged in three clusters Personal Qualities, Setting Direction and Delivering the Service. The above leadership qualities frame work is in line with Great man theories and rat theories which have a firm rooted believe that leaders are blessed with certain qualities that instigate them to lead others. The following day I explained what happened to my line manager, who in turn complained to the service manager. The Issue was treated as competency issue as the senior officers from human resources were involved and a disciplinary committee was set up. During the hearing the staff affected denied all the allegations but the two witnesses called testified against her; my manager also noted that most of the times she tends to argue and it has always en very difficult to get her to meet person centered care plan criteria.. She does not know the implication of her actions and the negative effect it has on delivering effective patient care. Barker et al (2006) states that, the highly important aspect or criteria of meeting patients needs include access to care, communication with health care providers, and effectiveness of interventions and efficiency of treatment. At the end of the preliminary hearing, the disciplinary committee placed the affected staff on six months supervised practice. This mean she cannot work on her own and all re clinical Jobs must be monitored and countersigned by another qualified staff.. As a team we felt that this was poor practice, hence changes had to be made as it would ultimately affect patient care and general staff performance. Initially she was supervised for three months by my manager and she worked closely with me and had regular supervision for the remaining three months, during which all other areas she needed development were clearly identified, addressed and evaluated through mandatory trainings, identified learning needs and clinical supervisions. According to Sense (1990), organizations have the capacity to learn and to change in specific ways based on processes and techniques focused on learning to learn . During this period I had opportunity to highlight what the individual was doing well and areas she needed to improve on. A client-centered supervisor would be concerned to communicate the core conditions of acceptance, respect and genuineness to her supervise. (Page and Weakest 1994: 4) As am the team leader responsible for managing the team, day to day care for the patients on the ward and some other management duties to improve on safety and he quality of the service we provide. I found it reasonable to incorporate lot of leadership qualities and framework to manage my team and provide care to service users. At the end of her six month supervised practice she was one of the six staff nurses allocate to me to give both management and clinical supervision to on monthly basis. This was to ensure that staff adhere to trust policies, to ensure all staff attend mandatory trainings and ensure all staff are aware and maintain safe practice, embrace health and safety policies. Crosier (2005) emphasized that effective raining facilitated people in learning new knowledge. However, she stated that people should act based on the information they had. Moreover, knowledge is important, and it must be followed with action. Before I allocate task to my team members I made it a point of duty to ensure that such staff have adequate knowledge to undertake such a task thereby reducing errors and bad practice. Hourly Wright 2001 viii) During the individual supervision session I take time to audit each staff electronic record keeping, allocated patient care plans, risk assessments and patient well being monitoring record, particular attention was directed at staff training as the trust believes that for staff to perform and deliver effective services they must be well informed and competent to practice, link nurse roles and investigation of serious untoward incidents. Personal development plans with achievable clear goals and objectives were put in place . My interaction with the supervises was based on traditional medical model of supervision, which is problem solving centered, this approach is closely related to solution focused approach. I also observed that managing a team that has worked together for long at times attempt to undermine the team leader position and ritually erode his/her confidence and management skills which could possibly damage other team members morale. According to Sullivan Decker (2008) a leader is anyone who is able to impact and influences others to achieve specific targets. Combination of leadership styles was used for managing this change I had initially adopted a democratic change style of leadership as I gave the staff in charge of the relieving shift the opportunity to appoint one staff to take over the patient in A E, this style was also closely related to theory Y as I encouraged the staff to take active intro of the situation but when she refused I then decided to be more authoritarian by deciding who was to go with immediate effect. The most important aspect of this style is that it ensures Job are done within very short period of time. Authoritarian leadership style is more of theory X where leader passes on information from top to those below and if Job is not completed to satisfaction the Junior officers might be threatened with punishment to achieve result suitable for groups and for extended periods and promotes growth in an individual worker (Marquis and Huston 2009). Some of the conflict management model used on the unit are:- collaboration which is closely related to democratic theory of management. Collaboration is working as a team, This ensures full participation of all multidisciplinary team members and is mostly used when making a popular decision, it allows staff to examine issues from different perspective and merge integrated insight to achieve results. Compromising This is mostly used by the unit management to achieve quick result. Most especially where competition and collaboration will not achieve good result. Assertiveness was seed where there is need to be assertive for better understanding and team effectiveness and quick result, e. When I decided to nominate someone from the night staff as the staff in charge of night shift was been difficult. This appears to be more to down ward meaner to communication el trot the leader to the subordinates and is closely related to authoritarian theory of leadership. Competing and accommodating- This modules were well established among the Junior members of the team; a policy of give and take was developed. Individual members of the team knows that at the end of the day there is no winner and no looser. Van De Wert Umea, 1994). Emphasized on the importance of accepting others views as it aids conflict resolution. A team building day was organized to address various issues affecting team spirit and performances. In attendants were all professionals involved in the unit multidisciplinary team decision making and care delivery. Somerset (2001) stressed that effective service delivery will require taking leadership too very deep level. Day (2001) and Pennington and Hartley 2009) Suggested the need to redirect leadership development to include the whole team and not individual development. Factors responsible for team conflicts such as communication issues I. Poor communication, lack of communication, poor leadership and management styles, poor problem solving skills, personal problems and personality conflicts High handedness from the management, lack of good skill and ability to deliver services. Team members boredom and not feeling adequately challenged to deliver. All the above mentioned factors usually results in failure to share information or poor hand over of care delivered, concealing inf ormation, hostility, verbal and physical display of aggressions, keeping malice, passing bocks, bullying and verbal abuse and rudeness. As clinicians, clinical leadership competency framework was employed to resolve issues, all team members were divided into groups and each group made use of self assessment tool with the main aim of delivering optimal level of care to service users by demonstrating ability to work with others, demonstrating personal qualities, managing services, improving services and setting directions. Leadership Academys 1 employed various leadership soft skills in the day to day managing of y team, by giving feedback, listening, motivating staff members and using various communication strategies such as the use of emails, ward diary, communication book and memos. Thereby ensuring clear communication in the delivery of ward messages and to effect changes where necessary. Different mode of communication such as vertical, horizontal and downward mode was frequently used depending on what and who was to be addressed to achieve the units aims and objectives. Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a persons CEQ (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the luster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. I regularly seek supervision with my line manager for the following reasons: To enable me identify and stop me from picking up bad habits and practices, to afford me the confidence to challenge bad practices and to be able to think deeply in some areas of practice, it also gave me the opportunity to learn from mine and others experiences, it affords me the opportunity to give and receive feedback.. Hawkins and ) Considering the progress achieved in the team performance and service delivery due to team cohesion and hard work I strongly belie ve that conflicts have contributed positively to the growth of the team, my personal development, understanding in terms of team work and good communication with colleagues and service user. The payoffs achievements of up to date leadership style, good team spirit and reliable customer care and service delivery. In conclusion conflict is not always bad thing in team working but if well managed could result in improvement in group performance, increases personal and organization velveteen, brings about individual and group awareness, boost individual morale and enhance team productivity. It also improves managerial and leadership roles, enhances improvement in skill required by leader to move the team forward. Monika (1991) contends that the creation of new knowledge in an organization does not emerge simply by processing objective information. In the balance sheet at all! In our discussion of equity financing, we discuss the option of using equity as a source for resources (assets) of the corporation. Shareholders are a key source of initial finance for a company. While traditionally regarded as the owners of a companys assets, more recent thought suggests that the shareholder exchanges their investment in a company for a right to the residual cash flows of the firm (dividends). At the end of this topic, you should be able to: LOL . Describe the components of owners equity ALL.

Max and Inflection Points of Chi-Square Distribution

Max and Inflection Points of Chi-Square Distribution Mathematical statistics uses techniques from various branches of math to prove definitively that statements regarding statistics are true. We will see how to use calculus to determine the values mentioned above of both the maximum value of the chi-square distribution, which corresponds to its mode, as well as find the inflection points of the distribution.   Before doing this, we will discuss the features of maxima and inflection points in general. We will also examine a method to calculate a maximum the inflection points. How to Calculate a Mode with Calculus For a discrete set of data, the mode is the most frequently occurring value. On a histogram of the data, this would be represented by the highest bar. Once we know the highest bar, we look at the data value that corresponds to the base for this bar. This is the mode for our data set.   The same idea is used in working with a continuous distribution. This time to find the mode, we look for the highest peak in the distribution. For a graph of this distribution, the height of the peak is a y value. This y value is called a maximum for our graph because the value is greater than any other y value. The mode is the value along the horizontal axis that corresponds to this maximum y-value.   Although we can simply look at a graph of a distribution to find the mode, there are some problems with this method. Our accuracy is only as good as our graph, and we are likely to have to estimate. Also, there may be difficulties in graphing our function. An alternate method that requires no graphing is to use calculus. The method we will use is as follows: Start with the probability density function f (x) for our distribution.  Calculate the first and second derivatives of this function: f (x) and f (x)Set this first derivative equal to zero f (x) 0.Solve for x.Plug the value(s) from the previous step into the second derivative and evaluate. If the result is negative, then we have a local maximum at the value x.Evaluate our function f (x) at all of the points x from the previous step.  Evaluate the probability density function on any endpoints of its support. So if the function has domain given by the closed interval [a,b], then evaluate the function at the endpoints a and b.The largest value in steps 6 and 7 will be the absolute maximum of the function. The x value where this maximum occurs is the mode of the distribution. Mode of the Chi-Square Distribution Now we go through the steps above to calculate the mode of the chi-square distribution with r degrees of freedom. We start with the probability density function f(x) that is displayed in the image in this article. f (x) K xr/2-1e-x/2 Here K is a constant that involves the gamma function and a power of 2. We do not need to know the specifics (however we can refer to the formula in the image for these). The first derivative of this function is given by using the product rule as well as the chain rule: f ( x ) K (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We set this derivative equal to zero, and factor the expression on the right-hand side: 0 K  xr/2-1e-x/2  [(r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2] Since the constant K, the exponential function and xr/2-1   are all nonzero, we can divide both sides of the equation by these expressions.   We then have: 0 (r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2 Multiply both sides of the equation by 2: 0 (r - 2)x-1 - 1 Thus 1 (r - 2)x-1 and we conclude by having x r - 2. This is the point along the horizontal axis where the mode occurs.   It indicates the x value of the peak of our chi-square distribution. How to Find an Inflection Point with Calculus Another feature of a curve deals with the way that it curves. Portions of a curve can be concave up, like an upper case U. Curves can also be concave down, and shaped like an   intersection symbol ∠©. Where the curve changes from concave down to concave up, or vice versa we have an inflection point. The second derivative of a function detects the concavity of the graph of the function. If the second derivative is positive, then the curve is concave up. If the second derivative is negative, then the curve is concave down. When the second derivative is equal to zero and the graph of the function changes concavity, we have an inflection point. In order to find the inflection points of a graph we: Calculate the second derivative of our function f (x).Set this second derivative equal to zero.Solve the equation from the previous step for x. Inflection Points for the Chi-Square Distribution Now we see how to work through the above steps for the chi-square distribution. We begin by differentiating. From the above work, we saw that the first derivative for our function is: f (x) K (r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We differentiate again, using the product rule twice. We have: f ( x ) K (r / 2 - 1) (r / 2 - 2)xr/2-3e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 (K / 4) xr/2-1e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 We set this equal to zero and divide both sides by Ke-x/2 0 (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (1 / 2)(r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 - (1/ 2)(r/2 - 1) xr/2-2 By combining like terms we have: (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 Multiply both sides by 4x3 - r/2, this gives us: 0 (r - 2)(r - 4) - (2r - 4)x x2. The quadratic formula can now be used to solve for x. x [(2r - 4) /- [(2r - 4)2 - 4  (r - 2)(r - 4) ]1/2]/2 We expand the terms that are taken to the 1/2 power and see the following: (4r2 -16r 16) - 4 (r2 -6r 8) 8r - 16 4(2r - 4) This means that: x [(2r - 4) /- [(4(2r - 4) ]1/2]/2 (r - 2) /- [2r - 4]1/2 From this we see that there are two inflection points. Moreover, these points are symmetric about the mode of the distribution as (r - 2) is halfway between the two inflection points. Conclusion We see how both of these features are related to the number of degrees of freedom. We can use this information to help in the sketching of a chi-square distribution. We can also compare this distribution with others, such as the normal distribution. We can see that the inflection points for a chi-square distribution occur in different places than the inflection points for the normal distribution.

Proposal for a tutoring and student support system Essay

Proposal for a tutoring and student support system - Essay Example Being the first teachers of their children, they need to be equipped with skills and know-how on the education and care of their children. Peek-a-boo is an online parenting module designed to assist parents in parenting, stimulating, educating and bonding with their infants or toddlers. It provides thematic session plans filled with various activities such as play, music and movement activities, arts and crafts, storytelling, etc. These activities are meant to foster a strong bond between a parent and his or her child as well as develop necessary skills in children. It also includes articles on parenting issues often faced by new parents. This online learning module aims to be a companion to the parent-learner in his or her parenting journey. Online parent support may serve as a lifeline in times of parental crises. Accommodating experts understand the joys and pains that new parents go through and offer their wisdom through e-mail, teleconferencing, webchats and other means to communicate with its parent-learners. Peek-a-boo is an enjoyable and educational program which will work to the full benefit of parents and their children. To educate parents in the developmentally- appropriate care for their toddler-aged children: Children were born without a manual. Despite parents’ biological predisposition in caring for their children, they still need the proper guidance in not only providing for their babies’ physical needs, but their emotional and psychological needs as well. For parents and children to spend quality time together: Each session guides parents on special activities they could do with their children. During this time, they should lavish their attention on their toddlers, doing away with job concerns or matters outside their relationship with their children. Parents should be armed with an eager learner’s disposition to be able to retain and practice later the activities they will

What It Means To Be Human Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What It Means To Be Human - Research Paper Example The human being is comprised of a complex amount of systems and characteristics hence can be defined from numerous perspectives. Many philosophers have expressed different view points on the subject matter. This paper will analyze the view points of Willard and Aquinas. Dallas Willard expresses his view points through cultural shifts, classical philosophy and modernity. In the process he investigates and analyzes arguments concerning human nature and derives the conclusion that humans were are solely distinguished by their ability to love and be loved and to serve and be served by others. Thomas Aquinas viewed human nature as a paradox, with the defining trait of dividing between spirit and matter. The paper will compare and contrast the different view points of these philosophers and how they argue and support their view points. Thomas Aquinas perceives the link between consciousness and matter ‘as humanity’s desire for God as an expression for the life of the trinityâ €™ (Beattie, 2012). Humans are the only living species who have the ability to differentiate their existence between spirit and matter. This is a defining characteristic as humans are able to differentiate themselves for other animals. ... perspective provides insight on the subject matter as the ability to value the meaning of life allows humanity to preserve it and create a society which is guided by boundaries which enable the preservation of life. This is a well structured argument as this is present in the human society and has not been defined as a trait in other species. The ability of separation of an inner self the physical being also enables one to act upon the means that cater for ideal conditions in society. Humanity also has the ability to ‘utilize its intellect to transcend its material confines with a unique imagination and freedom’ (Beattie, 2012). The modern philosophical referral to this matter is known as the problem of consciousness. The theory of evolution fails to explain the ability of one species, humans, to develop a conscience. Many philosophers agree with Aquinas’ viewpoint as they accept the ideology that the ability of mankind to question his very being and try to find w ays to study and analyze reason for his existence and that of other species (Rose, 2008). Other species do not have the capacity to question their existence and other life forms around them. Most species are naturally aware of their existence and way to carry out their lives to put them at an advantage in their community. However, the complexity of this analogy is only characteristic to humans. Other species analyze their community for survival whilst humans analyze theirs for advancement and improvement of life. The fact that evolution does not show these traits in other species is Aquinas basis in disregarding this concept in the process of defining human beings. It is also his rightful basis on disregarding the ideologies of fellow philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Rene Descartes who perceive our